Andean Civilization

The Andean Civilization refers to the various cultures that developed in the Andes Mountains of South America, notably the Inca Empire, which flourished from the 15th to the 16th centuries. Known for its advanced agricultural techniques, such as terrace farming, the civilization also created impressive architectural feats, like Machu Picchu. The Incas excelled in trade, built extensive road networks, and developed a unique system of record-keeping using quipu (knotting cords). Their society emphasized community and religion, with a pantheon of gods tied to nature. The arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century marked the decline of these civilizations.