Amortized analysis

Amortized analysis is a method used to evaluate the average performance of an algorithm over a sequence of operations, rather than looking at each operation individually. It helps to understand the long-term cost of a series of actions, particularly when some operations are expensive while others are cheap. By distributing the cost of expensive operations over many cheaper ones, amortized analysis provides a more accurate picture of an algorithm's efficiency, ensuring that the overall performance remains manageable, even if individual operations vary widely in their time or resource requirements.