American Civil War (1861-1865)

The American Civil War (1861-1865) was a conflict between Northern states (Union) and Southern states (Confederacy) primarily over slavery, states' rights, and economic differences. The Southern states wanted to maintain slavery and greater independence from federal control, while the North sought to preserve the Union and end slavery. The war resulted in significant loss of life, the abolition of slavery, and strengthened federal authority. It was a turning point that shaped the nation's future, ending slavery and redefining national unity and civil rights.