Alexander I of Russia

Alexander I of Russia (1777–1825) was Emperor from 1801 to 1825, known for initially liberating Russia from Napoleon's invasion and later playing a key role in European diplomacy. He was unique for fluctuating between liberal reforms and conservative policies, aiming to modernize the empire while maintaining autocratic control. His leadership saw the defeat of Napoleon and the influence of the Congress of Vienna, shaping Europe's post-war order. Venerated by some as a reformer and by others for his mysterious spiritual pursuits, his reign reflected complex balancing acts between progress and tradition.