Aldol condensation

Aldol condensation is a chemical reaction where two molecules containing carbonyl groups (like aldehydes or ketones) link together to form a larger molecule called an α,β-unsaturated compound. Initially, one molecule's carbonyl group acts as an acid, donating a hydrogen to another molecule's carbonyl. This creates a new double bond and a β-hydroxy carbonyl intermediate. Under heat or with a catalyst, this intermediate dehydrates, losing water, and forming a conjugated alkene. This process is important in organic chemistry for building complex molecules, such as those found in fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and plastics.