African Independence Movements

African independence movements were efforts during the mid-20th century to end colonial rule and attain self-governance across the continent. Following World War II, many African nations sought to break free from European powers, fueled by nationalism and the desire for cultural identity. Key figures like Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana and Nelson Mandela in South Africa emerged, advocating for political rights and social justice. Countries like Ghana achieved independence in 1957, inspiring others. The movements often involved protests and negotiations, and while many nations gained independence, challenges like ethnic conflict and economic instability followed thereafter.