AC Circuits

AC circuits involve alternating current, which periodically changes direction and magnitude, typically in a sinusoidal pattern. Unlike direct current (DC) that flows steadily in one direction, AC allows electricity to transfer efficiently over long distances and is used in household power supplies. Components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors respond differently to AC, affecting how the current and voltage behave. The analysis of AC circuits often involves concepts like impedance, which combines resistance and reactance, and phase differences between voltage and current. AC circuits are fundamental in power distribution, electronics, and communication systems.