20th-century Russian philosophy

20th-century Russian philosophy grappled with profound questions about existence, morality, and society, often influenced by historical upheavals like the Russian Revolution. Key figures included Nikolai Berdyaev, who emphasized freedom and creativity, and Mikhail Bakhtin, known for his ideas on dialogue and meaning in language. The Soviet period saw a focus on ideological conformity, but dissenting voices like Alexander Zinoviev critiqued totalitarianism. Philosophers explored the interplay of individual and collective identity, ethics, and the search for truth in a complex world, reflecting both a rich cultural heritage and the challenges of their turbulent times.