20th-century Italy

20th-century Italy experienced rapid social, political, and economic changes. After unification in 1861, it faced challenges like regional disparities and political instability. Mussolini’s fascist regime (1920s-1940s) led to authoritarian rule and alliance with Nazi Germany, culminating in defeat during World War II. Post-war, Italy transitioned to a republic, experienced economic growth known as the "Italian economic miracle," and became a founding member of the EU. Socially, Italy navigated modernization, regional tensions, and political shifts, evolving into a key European nation with a rich cultural legacy amidst ongoing struggles with corruption, organized crime, and political polarization.