1st Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (2002)

The 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, and John E. Sulston for their groundbreaking work on the genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death, or apoptosis. They studied the roundworm *Caenorhabditis elegans*, using it as a model organism to understand how genes control cellular processes. Their research has had a significant impact on our comprehension of developmental biology and cancer, providing insights into how cells age, how organisms develop, and how abnormalities in these processes can lead to diseases.