19th-century United States

The 19th-century United States was a period of rapid change, marked by westward expansion, industrialization, and social reform. The country grew from about 15 million to over 90 million people, acquiring new territories through events like the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican-American War. This era saw the abolition of slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Economically, it shifted from farming to factories, cities expanded, and transportation improved with railroads. Politically, tensions over slavery led to conflicts and realignments. Overall, the 19th century laid the foundation for the modern nation, balancing growth, conflict, and transformation.