19th-century Military Tactics

19th-century military tactics evolved from linear formations, where soldiers fought in neat ranks for effective firing volleys, to more flexible approaches like cover and deception. The use of rifled firearms increased accuracy and range, changing battlefield strategies. Engineers and artillery played vital roles with improved cannons and fortifications. During many conflicts, massed troops in coordinated lines aimed to break enemy lines through concentrated firepower, but the invention of new technologies gradually introduced more maneuverability and precision. Overall, tactics shifted from purely frontal assaults to more complex strategies incorporating terrain, technology, and combined arms for greater effectiveness.