1812 Constitution

The 1812 Constitution, officially called the Constitution of Cádiz, was enacted during the Spanish fight for independence from Napoleon's France. It was a pioneering document that established Spain as a constitutional monarchy with a government based on democratic principles. The constitution limited the king’s power, promoted national sovereignty, and recognized rights like freedom of speech and assembly. It also created a legislative assembly to represent citizens’ interests. Although it faced resistance and was not permanently implemented, it marked a significant step toward modern parliamentary governance and inspired future democratic movements in Spain and Latin America.