ZOPA (Zone of Possible Agreements)

ZOPA, or Zone of Possible Agreements, is the range where two or more parties' interests overlap in a negotiation. It represents the space where an agreement can be reached that satisfies everyone’s minimum expectations or acceptable terms. If the parties’ offers fall outside this zone—one too high, the other too low—no agreement is possible. Recognizing the ZOPA helps negotiators focus on realistic and mutually beneficial options, increasing the chances of a successful outcome. It’s a key concept in negotiations, guiding parties toward common ground and feasible compromises.