Zipf's law

Zipf's law observes that in many natural and social systems, a few items are extremely common, while most are rare. For example, in language, the most frequent word appears roughly twice as often as the second most common, three times as often as the third, and so on. This creates a predictable pattern where the rank of an item is inversely proportional to its frequency. Essentially, Zipf's law highlights an uneven distribution where a small number of elements dominate, and many others are less frequently encountered, forming a consistent rank-frequency relationship across diverse datasets.