Zhang Zuang (Zhang Zai)

Zhang Zai was a prominent Chinese philosopher of the Song Dynasty (11th century), known for developing Neo-Confucian ideas. He emphasized moral self-cultivation, harmony with nature, and the interconnectedness of all things. Central to his thought is the concept of "Qi," or vital energy, which flows throughout the universe and influences everything. Zhang believed that understanding and aligning with this energy leads to moral betterment and societal harmony. His teachings aimed to integrate moral, spiritual, and natural principles, shaping future Chinese philosophy and promoting a balanced, virtuous life grounded in ethical self-awareness.