zero-valent iron (ZVI)

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) refers to iron in its pure metallic form, where it has not combined with other elements. In environmental cleanup, ZVI is used to treat contaminated water and soil because it can react with pollutants—such as certain chemicals and toxins—transforming them into less harmful substances. When ZVI is introduced into a polluted environment, it often undergoes oxidation, releasing electrons that help break down pollutants. Its high reactivity and cost-effectiveness make ZVI a common choice for removing harmful contaminants in remediation projects, especially for cleaning up industrial waste and groundwater pollutants.