Yule's Y

Yule's Y is a statistical measure used in information theory to quantify the amount of uncertainty or surprise associated with predicting an event, based on its probability. It is defined as the negative logarithm (base 2) of the probability, meaning that rarer events (with lower probabilities) have higher Y values, indicating greater surprise. Essentially, Yule's Y helps us understand how much information is gained when learning the outcome of an event. It is useful in fields like linguistics, communication, and data analysis to assess the unpredictability or complexity of information sources.