XOR cipher

An XOR cipher is a simple method of encrypting data using a key. It works by comparing each piece of data (like a letter) with a corresponding part of the key, applying the exclusive OR (XOR) operation. If the bits are the same, the result is 0; if different, the result is 1. This process transforms the original message into an unreadable form. To decrypt, the same XOR operation is applied again with the same key, restoring the original message. XOR ciphers are easy to implement but not highly secure on their own, especially if the key is reused.