X-ray structure determination

X-ray structure determination is a technique used to reveal the 3D atomic arrangement of molecules, especially complex biological molecules like proteins and DNA. It involves directing X-ray beams at a crystal of the molecule. The X-rays scatter off the atoms, creating a pattern of spots called a diffraction pattern. By analyzing this pattern using mathematical methods, scientists can reconstruct a detailed, three-dimensional model of the molecule’s structure. This process helps us understand how molecules function and interact, which is essential in fields like drug development, biochemistry, and materials science.