X-ray optics

X-ray optics refers to tools and techniques used to manipulate and focus X-ray beams, similar to how lenses focus visible light. Since X-rays have very short wavelengths, traditional lenses don't work well. Instead, specialized materials and surfaces—like crystal crystals, multilayer mirrors, or grazing-incidence mirrors—are used to direct, focus, or shape X-ray beams. These optics enable scientists to examine extremely small structures in materials, medical imaging, or astronomy, providing detailed images and data. Overall, X-ray optics are essential for controlling high-energy X-ray radiation for scientific, industrial, and medical applications.