William Sealy Gosset (Student's t-test)

William Sealy Gosset was a statistician who developed the Student’s t-test, a method to determine if two groups differ significantly when sample sizes are small. He worked for a brewery and wanted to ensure quality, so his test helps scientists and researchers compare data confidently without large samples. The t-test calculates a value that indicates whether observed differences are likely due to genuine effects or just random chance. Its name, "Student," was used because Gosset published under that pseudonym to keep his work confidential within his company.