William S. Gosset (Student's t-distribution)

William S. Gosset was a statistician who developed the Student’s t-distribution, a mathematical model used when estimating the average of a small group and the data sample is limited. Unlike the normal distribution, which assumes large data sets, the t-distribution accounts for extra uncertainty with smaller samples, making results more reliable. This work helps scientists and researchers make better inferences about populations from limited data, particularly when testing hypotheses or calculating confidence intervals. Gosset's contribution, under the pseudonym "Student," remains fundamental in statistical analysis today.