William I (William the Conqueror)

William I, also known as William the Conqueror, was the Duke of Normandy who became the first Norman King of England after he successfully invaded in 1066. His conquest fundamentally changed England’s culture, governance, and landholding systems. William was a skilled military leader and shrewd ruler, centralizing authority and conducting a comprehensive survey called the Domesday Book to assess landownership and resources. His reign established Norman influence in England, shaping its culture, language, and legal system for centuries. William’s legacy includes strengthening the monarchy’s power and laying foundations for modern English governance.