"Weapons of Math Destruction" (by Cathy O'Neil)

"Weapons of Math Destruction" by Cathy O’Neil explores how large-scale mathematical models and algorithms, often used in fields like hiring, lending, and justice, can perpetuate inequality and injustice. These models, or "algebraic engines," can reinforce biases, disadvantages, or marginalize certain groups without transparency or accountability. When unchecked, they act as "weapons of math destruction," causing harm on a societal level. O’Neil advocates for more responsible development and use of data algorithms, emphasizing the need for fairness, oversight, and understanding to prevent them from deepening societal divides.