weak acid-base equilibria

Weak acid-base equilibria involve a reversible process where acids donate protons (H⁺ ions) and bases accept them, but not completely. In these reactions, only a portion of the acid molecules ionize at any given time, reaching a balance between the acid and its ions. This dynamic state is called equilibrium. Unlike strong acids or bases, which fully ionize, weak acids and bases only partially react, resulting in gradual shifts depending on the environment’s pH. This balance determines the acid's or base's strength and affects solutions’ properties like acidity and conductivity.