Waves

Waves are energy transfers that move through a medium, such as air, water, or solid materials, without the physical movement of the entire medium itself. They can carry sound, light, or other forms of energy, often spreading out from a source. For example, when you drop a stone into a pond, ripples spread outward; these ripples are surface waves. In air, sound travels as waves carrying vibrations to your ears. Waves can be classified into mechanical waves, requiring a medium, and electromagnetic waves, like light, which can travel through the vacuum of space.