Watson and Crick (James Watson and Francis Crick)

James Watson and Francis Crick were scientists who, in 1953, discovered the double-helix structure of DNA, the molecule carrying genetic information in living organisms. Their model revealed that DNA is composed of two strands twisted into a spiral, with pairs of nitrogenous bases (A with T, C with G) forming the rungs. This insight explained how genetic information is stored and replicated, laying the foundation for modern genetics and biotechnology. Their work was pivotal in understanding the molecular basis of inheritance and has had profound impacts on medicine, biology, and many scientific fields.