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Water is a transparent, tasteless, and nearly colorless substance essential for all known forms of life. Chemically, it’s made up of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom (H₂O). Water covers about 71% of Earth's surface and exists in three main states: liquid, ice (solid), and vapor (gas). It plays a vital role in regulating climate, supporting ecosystems, and enabling countless biological processes. Water also acts as a universal solvent, meaning it can dissolve many substances, making it crucial for transportation of nutrients in living organisms and facilitating chemical reactions necessary for life.