Washback Effect

The washback effect refers to how the way a test is designed and used influences the behavior of learners and teachers. For example, if a test emphasizes memorization, students may focus primarily on rote learning rather than understanding. Similarly, teachers might teach to the test, emphasizing test-specific skills over broader learning goals. This effect can shape classroom practices, learning strategies, and even curriculum choices, often extending beyond the test context into everyday teaching and studying habits. Essentially, the washback effect highlights the power of assessments to impact educational practices and learning outcomes.