Waltz's Three Images of International Relations

Waltz's three images analyze why wars happen by examining different levels of causes. The first image focuses on human nature and individual leaders, suggesting that innate human tendencies lead to conflict. The second looks at the state level, emphasizing that each country's internal politics, such as government type and economic system, influence its behavior. The third considers the international system itself, highlighting that the structure of global power—like anarchy and distribution of military power—creates conditions where conflict or cooperation can occur. Together, these images help explain the complex factors behind international relations and conflicts.