Vortices

Vortices are swirling masses of fluid—liquids or gases—that create a circular flow pattern, similar to tornadoes or whirlpools. They form when fluid moves faster around an object or surface, causing the fluid to spin around a central axis. This spinning motion can be seen in phenomena like the wake behind a boat or the pattern of water spiraling down a drain. Vortices play a key role in many natural and engineered systems, affecting weather patterns, aircraft design, and fluid movement. They illustrate how energy and momentum transfer through rotating, organized structures within a flowing medium.