Von Kármán equations

The Von Kármán equations describe how airflow behaves over objects like wings or bridges, especially dealing with turbulent or complex flows. They help engineers predict how air moves and exerts forces in situations where the flow is not smooth, accounting for effects such as drag and lift. These equations combine principles of fluid dynamics and mathematics to model turbulent boundary layers, enabling safer and more efficient design of aircraft, vehicles, and structures exposed to airflow. In essence, they provide a detailed understanding of how air interacts with surfaces at high velocities or complex conditions.