Volterra integral equation of the second kind

A Volterra integral equation of the second kind is a type of mathematical equation that relates a function to an integral involving itself. Think of it as a way to describe systems where the current state depends on its past states. To solve it, you find the function by considering both an initial part (known or given) and an integral part that accumulates the function's past influence. This approach is common in modeling processes like population growth, heat transfer, or viscoelastic materials, where current outcomes depend on historical factors.