Volcanic Smog (Vog)

Vog, short for volcanic smog, is a type of air pollution caused by volcanic emissions, primarily sulfur dioxide (SO₂). When a volcano erupts, it releases gases and ash into the atmosphere. The sulfur dioxide reacts with sunlight, moisture, and other elements to create fine particles and sulfuric acid aerosols that result in a hazy, fog-like air. Vog can cause respiratory issues, eye irritation, and reduce visibility, particularly in areas near active volcanoes. Its impact depends on wind patterns, eruption intensity, and atmospheric conditions, making it a significant environmental and health concern in volcanic regions.