volcanic eruption

A volcanic eruption occurs when magma from beneath the Earth's crust rises to the surface due to intense pressure and heat. As it reaches the top, it can break through the crust, releasing magma, ash, gases, and volcanic rocks. This process can form new landforms, like mountains or islands, and can be violent or gentle depending on the magma's composition and flow. Eruptions are driven by the movement of tectonic plates, which creates the conditions necessary for magma to ascend and escape, shaping Earth’s landscape and impacting climate and nearby ecosystems.