VLF radio waves

VLF (Very Low Frequency) radio waves are electromagnetic signals with frequencies between 3 and 30 kilohertz. They have extremely long wavelengths, often thousands of kilometers, allowing them to travel great distances by bouncing off the Earth's ionosphere and surface. Because of their ability to penetrate water and soil, VLF waves are useful for communication with submarines and for monitoring natural phenomena like lightning and solar activity. Although their data transmission rates are low, VLF waves are essential for specific applications requiring reliable, long-range communication in challenging environments.