Virus-host co-evolution

Virus-host co-evolution refers to the ongoing adaptive process where viruses and their hosts influence each other's development over time. As viruses evolve to better infect or evade host defenses, hosts simultaneously develop immune strategies to resist infection. This continuous "arms race" shapes the genetic and biological traits of both, leading to high diversity in viruses and immune responses. Such co-evolution affects disease severity, transmission, and long-term relationships, highlighting a dynamic balance where both virus and host are constantly adapting to each other's changes.