virulence plasmids

Virulence plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA found in some bacteria that carry genes enabling the bacteria to cause disease. Unlike the bacteria’s main genetic material, these plasmids can be transferred between bacteria, spreading their disease-causing abilities. They often contain genes for toxins, invasion factors, or other factors that help bacteria infect hosts, evade immune responses, or damage tissues. Essentially, virulence plasmids act as genetic tools that enhance a bacteria’s ability to cause illness, making infections more severe or easier to establish.