virulence genes

Virulence genes are specific parts of a microbe's DNA that enable it to cause disease. They produce proteins or factors—like toxins or enzymes—that help the microorganism invade the body, evade the immune system, or damage tissues. Essentially, these genes give pathogens their harmful abilities, determining how aggressive or infectious they can be. Understanding virulence genes helps scientists develop strategies to prevent or treat infections by targeting these specific genetic traits.