Virtual Network Functions (VNFs)

Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) are software-based components that perform specific network tasks—such as routing, firewalling, or load balancing—without relying on dedicated hardware. Instead of using physical devices, VNFs run on general-purpose servers or cloud infrastructure, making networks more flexible, scalable, and cost-effective. They allow network operators to deploy, manage, and upgrade functions quickly through software, enabling dynamic network customization and efficient resource usage, much like how apps run on smartphones rather than dedicated devices.