Virginia v. Black

Virginia v. Black is a 2003 Supreme Court case that addressed the legality of cross burning as a form of symbolic speech. The Court ruled that while cross burning can be protected under the First Amendment, it is not protected if intended to intimidate or threaten others. The decision affirmed that states could criminalize cross burning when it is used to convey a threat, recognizing the balance between free speech and protecting individuals from intimidation. This case highlights the complexities of free expression in relation to hate speech and the importance of intent behind actions.