Virchow's triad

Virchow's triad describes three factors that can contribute to blood clot formation: abnormal blood flow (either too slow or turbulent), damage to blood vessel walls, and increased blood clotting tendency. These factors can disrupt the normal balance, making it easier for clots to develop inside blood vessels. For example, slow blood flow in deep veins can cause clots in the legs, while injury to vessel walls or certain conditions that make blood more prone to clotting can also increase risk. Understanding this triad helps clinicians identify and manage conditions that lead to abnormal clot formation.