Viral vector vaccines

Viral vector vaccines use a harmless virus to deliver genetic instructions to our cells, teaching our immune system to recognize and fight a specific disease, such as COVID-19. The vaccine's viral vector carries a piece of the virus's genetic code—like the spike protein—without causing illness. When the vector enters our cells, they produce this protein, prompting the immune system to respond and build protection. This method leverages the virus's ability to deliver genetic material efficiently, creating immunity with a well-understood and proven approach used in some existing vaccines.