viral mutation

Viral mutation occurs when the genetic material of a virus changes slightly as it replicates. These small changes, or mutations, can happen randomly and may alter the virus’s properties, such as how contagious or how well it evades immunity. Most mutations have little effect, but some can lead to new variants that spread differently or impact vaccine effectiveness. Mutations are a natural part of viral evolution and help viruses adapt to their environments. Monitoring these changes helps scientists understand and respond to new variants, ensuring public health measures and vaccines remain effective.