Vertex Cover Problem

The Vertex Cover Problem involves a network of points (vertices) connected by lines (edges). The goal is to find the smallest set of points such that every connection between points touches at least one point in this set. In other words, by selecting these key points, you "cover" all the links between the network. This problem is important in areas like network security, resource allocation, and scheduling, but finding the optimal smallest set is computationally challenging and classified as an NP-hard problem, meaning no efficient solution is known for all cases.