Vertebrate Endocrinology

Vertebrate endocrinology is the study of hormones and the endocrine system in animals with backbones, such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. In the context of comparative endocrinology, it explores how different species regulate their biological functions—including growth, metabolism, and reproduction—through hormonal signaling. This research helps us understand the similarities and differences in hormone functions across species, offering insights into evolution, health, and disease. By comparing these systems, scientists can uncover fundamental principles of biology that apply across the vertebrate group, enhancing our knowledge of both animal and human endocrinology.