vertebral abnormalities

Vertebral abnormalities are irregularities in the bones that make up the spine, which can affect posture, movement, and nerve function. These issues may include misaligned vertebrae, extra or missing bones, or abnormal shapes caused by genetic factors, injuries, or diseases. Examples include scoliosis (sideways curvature), kyphosis (hunchback), and spinal fractures. Some abnormalities are congenital (present at birth), while others develop over time. Treatment varies from observation to physical therapy, bracing, or surgery, depending on the severity and impact on health. Proper diagnosis and management help maintain spine stability and reduce complications.