Vedas (Hinduism)

The Vedas are ancient Indian sacred texts central to Hinduism, composed around 1500–500 BCE. They consist of four collections—Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda—containing hymns, rituals, prayers, and philosophical teachings. Considered the oldest spiritual writings, they form the foundation for Hindu beliefs, including concepts of dharma (duty), karma (action), and moksha (liberation). The Vedas are revered as divine knowledge revealed to sages, serving as a guide for spiritual practice, ethical conduct, and understanding the universe. They continue to influence Hindu rituals, philosophy, and culture today.