Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) is a medical procedure where multiple tissues such as skin, muscle, bones, nerves, and blood vessels are transplanted from a donor to a recipient. This technique is commonly used to restore function and appearance in cases like hand or face transplant. Because these tissues have their own blood supply, the transplant is connected to the recipient’s blood vessels to keep it alive and functional. VCA requires careful matching and lifelong immune system management to prevent rejection, making it a complex but life-changing option for those with severe injuries or disfigurements.